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</style><div id="Army_units_and_organization2043" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Military_organization" title="Military organization"><span class="wrap">Army units and organization</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="Sub-subunit" title="Sub-subunit">Subordinated<br>element</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fireteam" title="Fireteam">Fireteam</a> / <a href="Crew" title="Crew">Crew</a>  <b>Ø</b> </li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Squad" title="Squad">Squad</a>  ● </li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Section_(military_unit)" title="Section (military unit)">Section</a> / <a href="Patrol" title="Patrol">Patrol</a>  ●●</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Platoon" title="Platoon">Platoon</a> / <a href="Troop" title="Troop">Troop</a> / <a href="Flight_(military_unit)#Ground_flights" title="Flight (military unit)">Flight</a> ●●● </li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Staffel_(unit)" title="Staffel (unit)">Staffel</a> / Echelon  ●●●● </li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Unit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">Company</a> / <a href="Artillery_battery" title="Artillery battery">Battery</a> / <a href="Squadron_(aviation)" title="Squadron (aviation)">Squadron</a> <b>❘</b> </li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Battalion" title="Battalion">Battalion</a> / <a href="Squadron_(army)" title="Squadron (army)">Squadron</a> / <a href="Cohort_(military_unit)" title="Cohort (military unit)">Cohort</a> <b>❘ ❘</b> </li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Regiment" title="Regiment">Regiment</a> / <a href="Group_(military_unit)#Groups_in_armies" title="Group (military unit)">Group</a>  <b>❘ ❘ ❘</b>  </li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Formation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Brigade" title="Brigade">Brigade</a> / <a href="Group_(military_aviation_unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Group (military aviation unit)">Group</a> / <a href="Wing_(military_aviation_unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing (military aviation unit)">Wing</a> <b>☓</b> </li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">Division</a> / <a href="List_of_military_legions" title="List of military legions">Legion</a> <b>☓☓</b> </li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Corps" title="Corps">Corps</a> <b>☓☓☓</b> </li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Command</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Field_army" title="Field army">Field army</a> / <a href="Command_(military_formation)" title="Command (military formation)">Command</a> <b>☓☓☓☓</b> </li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Army_group" title="Army group">Army group</a> / <a href="Front_(military_formation)" title="Front (military formation)">Front</a> <b>☓☓☓☓☓</b> </li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Region#Military_regions" title="Region">Region</a> / <a href="Theater_(warfare)" title="Theater (warfare)">Theater</a> <b>☓☓☓☓☓☓</b> </li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Temporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Detachment_(military)" title="Detachment (military)">Detachment</a></li>

<li><a href="Chalk_(military)" title="Chalk (military)">Chalk</a></li>

<li><a href="Patrol#Military" title="Patrol">Patrol</a></li>

<li><a href="Field_force" title="Field force">Field force</a></li>

<li><a href="Task_force" title="Task force">Task force</a></li>

<li><a href="Brigade_group" title="Brigade group">Brigade group</a></li>

<li><a href="Flying_column" title="Flying column">Flying column</a></li>

<li><a href="Regimental_combat_team" title="Regimental combat team">Regimental combat team</a></li>

<li><a href="Battalion_tactical_group" title="Battalion tactical group">Battalion tactical group</a></li>

<li><a href="Battlegroup_(army)" title="Battlegroup (army)">Battlegroup</a></li>

<li><a href="Group_army_(military_unit)" title="Group army (military unit)">Group army</a></li>

<li><a href="Combat_team" title="Combat team">Combat team</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<p>A <b>combat command</b> was a <a href="Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">combined-arms</a> military organization of comparable size to a <a href="Brigade" title="Brigade">brigade</a> or <a href="Regiment" title="Regiment">regiment</a> employed by armored forces of the <a href="United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> from 1942 until 1963. The structure of combat commands was task-organized and so the forces assigned to a combat command often varied from mission to mission.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abbreviations">Abbreviations</h2></div>

<p>Combat command is most often abbreviated by one of the related derivative notations:

</p>

<li><b>CCC</b>, or <b>CC-C</b> or <b>CC C</b> (an older convention for "<a href="Reserve_formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve formation">reserve formation</a>")</li>

<li><b>CCR</b>, or <b>CC-R</b> or <b>CC R</b> (for Combat Command Reserve)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The concept of the combat command was developed by General <a href="Adna_R._Chaffee_Jr." title="Adna R. Chaffee Jr.">Adna Chaffee</a> during the 1930s. Chaffee's concept envisaged <a href="Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">combined arms</a> mechanized units with no formal structure. When the first U.S. armored divisions were organized a few years later, Chaffee's concepts for the combat command were incorporated into the divisional structure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoffey200042_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoffey200042-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The combat command was a flexible organization that did not have dedicated <a href="Battalion" title="Battalion">battalions</a>. Instead, tank, armored infantry, and armored field artillery battalions, as well as smaller units of <a href="Tank_destroyer" title="Tank destroyer">tank destroyers</a>, engineers, and mechanized cavalry were assigned as needed in order to accomplish any given mission.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGrath200448–49_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGrath200448–49-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a U.S. Army reorganization in the 1960s, the term <i>combat command</i> fell out of favor and was replaced by the designation <i>brigade</i>.

</p><p>While flexible, this task-force organization lacked the high cohesion characteristic of traditional regiments that always kept the same group of battalions together. The organization of the combat command contrasted with that of the infantry, who employed reinforced infantry regiments with permanently assigned infantry battalions. This type of infantry organization was called a <a href="Regimental_combat_team" title="Regimental combat team">regimental combat team</a>.

</p><p>Use of combat commands was first specified in <i>Armored Force Tentative Table of Organization A</i>, for armored divisions, dated December 22, 1941. The initial organization envisioned two combat command headquarters at the disposal of the armored division. The combat command headquarters themselves were small, fielding only five <a href="Light_tank" title="Light tank">light tanks</a> and 56 men. Revisions to this structure in 1943 resulted in a headquarters of three light tanks and 99 men. The 1943 structure also allowed for three combat command headquarters in an armored division.

</p><p>Within the armored division, the combat commands were named "A", "B", and later, "R" (for Reserve).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, historical accounts of U.S. armored divisions of this period refer to "Combat Command B" or "CCB" and so forth. During the latter stages of <a href="World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in Europe, armored divisions tended to fight with CCA and CCB, while moving worn-out battalions into CCR for rest and refit, though this was not always the case.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1954, CCR was redesignated "Combat Command C" (CCC).

</p><p>The combat command proved to be the forerunner of modern U.S. Army organizational structure for divisions. In the early 1960s, divisions were restructured as part of the <a href="Reorganization_Objective_Army_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Reorganization Objective Army Division">Reorganization Objective Army Division</a> (ROAD), in which all divisions, including infantry, were organized with three brigades which also did not have dedicated battalions and could be assigned as many battalions as needed for a mission. With the transition to ROAD divisions, the term <i>combat command</i> was no longer employed by the U.S. Army.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"While still at Camp Cooke the division also started developing the combat command type of tactical headquarters. CC A was first commanded by Brig. Gen. Wood and later, by Brig. Gen. Harold W. Blakely, CC B's first commander was Brig. Gen. Serene E. Brett. CC A's tactical units included: the <a href="34th_Armor_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="34th Armor Regiment (United States)">34th Armored Regiment</a>, 71st Armored Field Artillery Battalion, and the 1st Battalion of the 46th Armored Infantry Regiment. CC B's organization consisted of: the <a href="81st_Armor_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="81st Armor Regiment (United States)">81st Armored Regiment</a>, 47th Armored Field Artillery Battalion, and the 2nd Battalion of the 46th.

The remainder of the units formed what was known as the <a href="Reserve_formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve formation">Division Reserve</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFifth_Armoured_Division_Association19858_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFifth_Armoured_Division_Association19858-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some armored used CCR as an operational combat element of the division as well, such as the 7th Armored Division's use of CCR during the reduction of the <a href="Ruhr_pocket" title="Ruhr pocket">Ruhr Pocket</a> and the <a href="12th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="12th Armored Division (United States)">12th Armored Division's</a> CCR spearhead outpacing CCA and CCR in the <a href="XXI_Corps_(United_States)" title="XXI Corps (United States)">XXI Corps'</a> dash for Austria in the final weeks of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 5th Armored Division used CCR as a combat element during the entire campaign in northwestern Europe. (See <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFifth_Armoured_Division_Association1985333_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFifth_Armoured_Division_Association1985333-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for details, particularly the biography section for Colonel Glen H. Anderson, the CCR commander.)</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoffey200042-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoffey200042_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoffey2000">Coffey (2000)</a>, p. 42.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGrath200448–49-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGrath200448–49_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcGrath2004">McGrath (2004)</a>, pp. 48–49.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFifth_Armoured_Division_Association19858-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFifth_Armoured_Division_Association19858_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFifth_Armoured_Division_Association1985">Fifth Armoured Division Association (1985)</a>, p. 8.</span>

</li>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1960" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Mary H., ed. (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-SS-Chronology/USA-SS-Chronology-5.html">"1945"</a>. <i>United States Army in World War II, Special Studies, Chronology 1941–1945</i>. Washington, D.C.: Center Of Military History, United States Army. pp. <span class="nowrap">365–</span>551.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFifth_Armoured_Division_Association1985333-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFifth_Armoured_Division_Association1985333_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFifth_Armoured_Division_Association1985">Fifth Armoured Division Association (1985)</a>, p. 333.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h3></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFCoffey2000" class="citation thesis cs1">Coffey, Rod A. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA384122.pdf"><i>Doctrinal Orphan or Active Partner? A History of U.S. Army Mechanized Infantry Doctrine</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (<a href="Master_of_Military_Art_and_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Military Art and Science">MMAS</a>). Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514062044/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA384122.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 14, 2021.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMcGrath2004" class="citation book cs1">McGrath, John J. (2004). <i>The Brigade: A History, Its Organization and Employment in the US Army</i>. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Revised Tables of Organization Armored Force</i>. U.S. Army. January 1, 1942.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Armored Division Tables of Organization</i>. U.S. Army. September 15, 1943.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926220638/http://www.armyhistory.org/armyhistorical.aspx?pgID=868&id=72&exCompID=32">"Combined Arms Team in the 20th Century"</a>. <i>The Army Historical Foundation</i>. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armyhistory.org/armyhistorical.aspx?pgID=868&id=72&exCompID=32">the original</a> on September 26, 2007.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFFifth_Armoured_Division_Association1985" class="citation book cs1">Fifth Armoured Division Association (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.5ad.org/Paths_of_Armor.html#message"><i>Paths of Armor: The Fifth Armored Division in World War II</i></a>. Nashville, Tenn: Battery Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-89839-084-1</bdi> – via 5AD Online.</cite></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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